Automatic Disinfectant Spraying Machine
Automatic Disinfectant Spraying Machine
Abstract— Viruses such as COVID-19 are transferable through touch and contact. There are WHO guidelines to clean or sanitize places regularly to reduce the risk of infection. Dispensing of sanitizer from the bottle and storage would require manual intervention. In this paper we propose a novel design of touch-less disinfectant spraying machine to reduce the risk due to contact. The system consists of live streaming and controlling it from an end user. The controller processes the sensor data & actuates the pump and solenoid valve. The sanitizer liquid dispenses through the mist nozzle and sanitizes the whole place accordingly.
Keywords— Disinfectant, Sanitization, COVID-19, Automatic machine
Introduction
Hygiene is an important aspect to remain healthy. There are various aspects of hygiene. A clean place is one of them. COVID-19 began to spread from the year 2019 and the pandemic has been ongoing for several months. As the famous phrase goes ‘necessity is the mother of inventions’ - and one of the biggest necessities right now is to be able to maintain effective sanitization. The machine does not have human control and is being operated with the help of IR sensors and microcontrollers. The following include Objective, Scope and outline of the project.
Objective
The role of unmanned robots for cleaning and sanitization purposes is increasing worldwide. Disinfection and hygiene are two integral parts of any safe environment, and these factors have become more critical in covid-19 like pandemic situations. The machine is designed in such a way that it will be operational during the working hours i.e. 16 hours a day and will provide sanitization wherever required.
Model Diagram
Scope
Poor or inadequate hygiene is known to be problematic in hospital settings, and is a major source of infections contracted while patients are admitted to a hospital. While cleaning of places and maintaining hygiene policies and training are important and can be effective in reducing the spread of infections, the problem of infections due to unsatisfactory hygiene of staff, medical professionals, along with patients continues to be problematic. The mechanical disinfectant spraying machine can be used in the examination rooms, hallways, lobbies, and even patient rooms. However, such systems are purely mechanical and are incapable of providing an automated means of establishing good hygienic practices. During the fourth quarter of 2019, a collection of unusual pneumonia cases went from a local concern to a global pandemic in a matter of 70 days. The infamous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus that was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and was announced as a pandemic by the WHO (World Health Organization) in March 2020.
The need for a touchless automatic dispenser is identified after observing that it is the point of contact for contamination. In this paper we present a novel design of an automatic disinfectant spraying machine which will be useful even after the end of this pandemic to maintain hygiene in various places.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
HISTORY
Automatic Spraying of disinfectant is used to spray disinfectant over a targeted surrounding to stop the spread of infections and viruses. This system is scaled up to spray disinfectant over a huge area whilst making a path for its movement. This system is designed in such a way that the system will detect its obstacle and then will opt for a different path for its movement if any obstacle is detected. This unmanned vehicle will sanitize the place. Due to which it will prevent the spread of viral infection and often disinfect. Scientific control of liquid output, intelligent control of liquid spraying, consumption saving is achieved.
Spray robot can effectively provide sanitization to a large number of people before the spraying process, but because of the constraints of large disinfectant robot, delicate and complex nature of the job objects, the complexity of the operating environment and the operation target price particularity and development issues automatic spraying disinfectant seems just the right option to opt for. Automatic disinfectant spraying robots can find a breakthrough on these issues.
Wireless control applications in real life appear more and more, especially in a pandemic like situation. Industry plays a vital role. WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) with its high transmission speed, flexibility and mobility can be put into use to make the process hassle free. It can be paired with the smart home, industrial control, mobile handheld devices and other applications. The subject of this work is a system capable of distributing inputs (provide sanitization, render the body temperature) in an efficient, sustainable, and safe way, in environments.
On the basis of configuration embedded software studies, Smart control simulation model is proposed for the spraying of disinfectant.
COMPARISON WITH EXISTING IMPLEMENTATION
This automatic disinfectant spraying robot decreases the spread of viruses and infections and improves the work's pace and precision. This robot has been created to improve application precision and yield. As a microcontroller, Raspberry pi is used. For movement of robot DC motors are used and for the detection of obstacle IR sensors are used. Earlier, no path detector was in use in order to determine any obstacle. The robot was designed to follow a particular path and spray the disinfectant without taking the deviation of obstacles along the robot's movement into consideration. This created an unavoidable problem. For every hault of the robot there needed an individual to personally chase the robot and change its path of movement. This wasn't practically possible every time. So in order to prevent that, this smart device was designed. This will not only detect the obstacle but also choose its path of motion on detection of any obstacle and thus sanitize the entire area without any hassle.
Problem Definition
The name of the project is "Automatic Disinfectant Spraying Machine". This fully automated vehicle will sanitize the place. Due to which it will prevent the spread of viral infection and often disinfect.This system is designed in such a way that the system will detect its obstacle and then will opt for a different path for its movement if any obstacle is detected. Since it is fully automated all these activities will require no supervision. This will increase the demand of this vehicle in the near future.
For the execution of this smart device we have used raspberry pi as microcontroller, IR sensor for detection of obstacles, sanitization box for spraying sanitizer, DC motor for the movement of the robot and buzzer to produce a beep if any obstacle is detected. To avoid the spread of viruses and infections this project is preferred.
3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENT AND ANALYSIS
The system overview is presented in this Section. The various techniques are adapted from the agriculture spraying robot. There are various modifications done for the same. The system uses Raspberry Pi as its main Processor. The robot is designed in such a way that it reduces the man power and also increases the cleanliness efficiency of the region.
Hardware Required & Specifications:
Table 3.1.: Hardware Details
The system uses the IR sensor to move accordingly when an obstacle is encountered then the DC motors will stop moving and thereby it will initialise the Relay and thus will spray the sanitizer.
Vehicle kinematics i.e. the main robot which is using raspberry pi as its main unit to control the movement of the same which will be connected in an H-bridge format to elaborate it. A H-bridge is a simple circuit that lets you control a DC motor to go backward or forward as shown in fig. 3.1.
As in fig 3.2, the microcontroller used in this project is Raspberry Pi, which is having a Quad Core Cortex A72 (ARM V8) 64 bit microcontroller clocked at 1.5 GHz having 2 GB of LPDDR4 RAM which runs on LINUX based kernel and thereby the programming is done with the help of python programming language and it can be considered as the backbone of the whole system.
As in fig 3.3, the IR sensor consists of a SIG pin which is used in order to provide the signal to the microcontroller here Raspberry Pi also the data is in boolean i.e. if an obstacle is detected then the o/p is 1 else 0.
Also as in fig 3.4, the L293D is a 16 pin IC out of which four pins are connected to the DC motors i.e. 1Y,2Y,3Y and 4Y whereas 1A,2A,3A & 4A are connected to the optocouplers which in turn is connected to the raspberry.
As in fig 3.5, the optocoupler is a device which receives the signal from the IN pin and it converts the electric signal into the photoelectric signal i.e. light with the help of Light Emitting diode and thus the light is received or detected with the help of photodetector, the IN pin in the circuitry is connected to the Raspberry PI whereas the OUT pin is connected to the Driver IC.
As in fig 3.6, buzzer is a device with two pin GND and VCC and it will operate when the signal from the IR sensor is 1.
The water pump is used in order to lift the sanitizer from the bottle and thereby spray the pump operates at 6v with a power consumption of 4.2W and max flow rate of 4ltr/min for water.
The Water pump and the 100RPM DC motor is operated (power supply) is provided by 6v 4.5Ah battery whereas Raspberry Pi’s power supply is provided by a 5v 2A power supply which in turns provides the power supply to Buzzer, IR, Relay and the remaining circuit.
The path which is to be followed is decided with the help of IR sensor, to elaborate it more IR sensor consists of a transmitter and a receiver when an obstacle is encountered then the dc motor will provide the same data to the microcontroller and from the microcontroller to the relay and L293D which in turn will stop the DC motor and thereby will ask the spraying unit to spray
The whole unit is using Raspberry Pi and data transmission between the relay and the same is done with help of optocouplers.
The Sprayer module uses a water pump and a spraying Node which will help to spray the sanitizer in the respective region.
Table 3.2.: Software Details
Algorithm:
The whole system works on if and else condition the algorithm is as shown in the figure 3.4.
Fig 3.4:Algorithm
4. METHODOLOGY
fig 4.1: Block Diagram of Disinfectant spraying machine
WORKING
Heart of the project is the raspberry pi. It is a 40 pin controller which has a 64-bit quad-core processor, dual support at resolutions up to 40K which is operated at 5v and thereby providing the power supply to the whole circuit i.e. IR, L293D, RELAY, OPTO, BUZZER. Coming to the actual connection of the components, the first Optocoupler input i.e. pin number 1 which is the input pin to the photodiode’s terminal of the optocoupler is connected to the Raspberry Pi's pin no. 7 i.e. GPIO 4 and the output of which is connected to the L293D’s pin 1A which in turn is connected to the DC motor’s terminal 1 and Output of the first optocoupler i.e. pin number 4 is connected to the L293D pin number 2, similarly second Optocoupler’s input i.e. pin number 1 is connected to the raspberry pi GPIO17 which is pin 11 and Output of the second optocoupler i.e. pin number 4 is connected to the L293D pin number 7 i.e. 2A. Third Optocoupler input i.e. pin number 1 is connected to the raspberry pi GPIO pin13 and Output of the Third optocoupler i.e. pin number 4 is connected to the L293D pin number 10. Fourth Optocoupler input i.e. pin number 1 is connected to the raspberry pi GPIO pin15 and Output of the Third optocoupler i.e. pin number 4 is connected to the L293D pin number 15. Fifth Optocoupler input i.e. pin number 1 is connected to the raspberry pi GPIO pin12 and Output of the optocoupler connected to the Relay which in turn is used to drive the 6v DC Water pump. Buzzer is directly connected to the SDA pin which is pin 3 of the Raspberry Pi. IR Sensor has three pins i.e. VCC, OUT and GND. OUT pin is directly connected to the GPIO 23 which is pin no. 18 of Raspberry pi. Two DC motors are Directly Connected to the L293D motor driver pin number 3,6, 11, & 14 respectively. Also the VCC and the GND of the raspberry pi are connected to BUZZER ,IR, OPTOCOUPLERS, RELAY & the Driver IC.
The boot up for the raspberry pi takes 1.3 min, the time taken is because of the boot up device which is CLASS 4 SD CARD whose read/write speed is 4MB/s and when booted up the program is directed loaded in the system. The signal is provided to the L293D which in turns controls the motors i.e. the movement of the vehicle. If the input of IR sensor is 1 it means that an obstacle is detected and when it is then the buzzer receives the signal and starts toggling at an interval of 0.5s as programmed, meanwhile the water pump starts pumping the sanitizer that continues for 10s. After which the DC motors starts functioning it takes a left which is as per the signal provided by the Driver IC and if there is obstacle still present then it will move to right by an angle of 30 degrees as in the program which in turns makes the vehicle completely automatic.
The whole programming is done using Python programming language for raspberry pi, the OS used is the lite version.
RESULT
CONCLUSION
The role of unmanned robots for cleaning and sanitization purposes is increasing worldwide. Disinfection and hygiene are two integral parts of any safe environment, and these factors become more critical due to the COVD-19 like pandemic situations. The machine is designed in such a way that it will be 16 hours operational. The robot designed for disinfectant spraying is fully automated. The proposed robot is made using Raspberry Pi 4 as its main processor which is connected to the IR sensor which is used to sense the obstacle and to move accordingly, which is then connected to the relay and thereby is used to spray the obstacle. The main advantage of the robot is that it is eco friendly as it is an unmanned robot, hence the use of personnel protection equipment which protects a person from the harmful chemicals is not required. The unique selling point of this robot is that it can be used anywhere from small-medium scale industries to offices, restaurants and other places. This is a cost effective robot and in turn ensures a safe and clean environment for everyone.
APPLICATION
There are various applications of this Automated Disinfectant Spraying Robot. The application are as listed here:
Eco friendly
The use of the robot relieves personnel from the harmful effects of chemical solutions on the body. That is why, in most cases, manual spraying requires the use of personal protective equipment for the person during the conducting of these works. The robot relieves a person from the risk of harm to health.
Unmanned Work
The disinfection robot is an autonomous robot, which can work autonomously according to a settled disinfection route, setting time, fixed-points, multi-track mobile disinfection and sanitization in a large environment. It reduces manpower input and improved work
efficiency and quality.
Small – Medium Scale Industries
Food Production
For obvious reasons, facilities that process, package, or store food have incredibly high standards of cleanliness. The robot will ensure that the place is completely sanitized at all times.
Manufacturing
Cleanliness in manufacturing applications improves safety and promotes productivity.
Restaurants
According to the rules of the government, restaurants too need to follow some guidelines, one of which is to place the tables with proper distance from one another. So once a table is used and the people have left, the robot will sanitize the area around the table completely without disturbing the people of the other table.
Offices
Office spaces, including conference rooms can be cleaned every evening after office hours or early in the morning before the rooms are occupied or it can also be sanitized during lunch breaks .
After Covid-19
Once the pandemic is over, the robot can be used for other general cleaning and sanitization purposes in malls, showrooms, art galleries, hospitals and museums.
SUMMARY
The role of unmanned robots for cleaning and sanitization purposes is increasing worldwide. Disinfection and hygiene are two integral parts of any safe environment, and these factors become more critical due to the COVD-19 like pandemic situations. The machine is designed in such a way that it will be 16 hours operational. The disinfectant spraying robot is originally based upon an agricultural robot used for spraying the pesticides over acres of farmland, but this robot had to be controlled remotely. The robot designed for disinfectant spraying is fully automated. The proposed robot is made using Raspberry Pi 4 as its main processor which is connected to the IR sensor which is used to sense the obstacle and to move accordingly, which is then connected to the relay and thereby is used to spray the obstacle. The main advantage of the robot is that it is eco friendly as it is an unmanned robot, hence the use of personnel protection equipment which protects a person from the harmful chemicals is not required. The unique selling point of this robot is that it can be used anywhere from small-medium scale industries to offices, restaurants and other places. This is a cost effective robot and in turn ensures a safe and clean environment for everyone.
References
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